Patterns of differential heat-treatment without using clay
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Pics courtesy of Alex Huangfu of www.Chinesearms.com:





Above and below pics shows different parts of a jian (Chinese double-edged sword) forged with sanmei (3-plate) laminated construction. See the borderlines running parallel along both edges, they are actually the boundaries between the central cutting-edge plate and the two side-supporting plates.

The beautiful blade has been heat-treated without using clay. As can be seen from these 2 pics, the frosty patterns of martensite crystals are randomly distributed all over the blade, rather than running along the edges only.

The sword also exhibits a wooden surface grain.